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In 1985, Intel released the 80386, the first x86 microprocessor with a 32-bit instruction set and a memory management unit with paging. However, the GNU kernel, called Hurd, failed to attract enough development effort, leaving GNU incomplete. By the early 1990s, there was almost enough available software to create a full operating system. As part of this work, he wrote the GNU General Public License (GPL). In 1983, Richard Stallman started the GNU project with the goal of creating a free UNIX-like operating system. While Sun workstations didn't utilize commodity PC hardware like Linux was later developed for, it represented the first successful commercial attempt at distributing a primarily single-user microcomputer that ran a Unix operating system.

Later, Sun Microsystems, founded as a spin-off of a student project at Stanford University, also began selling Unix-based desktop workstations in 1982. Onyx Systems began selling early microcomputer-based Unix workstations in 1980. This strongly limited the development and adoption of BSD. BSDi) in the early 1990s against the University of California. Since BSD contained Unix code that AT&T owned, AT&T filed a lawsuit ( USL v. In 1977, the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) was developed by the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) from UC Berkeley, based on the 6th edition of Unix from AT&T. The availability and portability of Unix caused it to be widely adopted, copied and modified by academic institutions and businesses. Later they rewrote it in a new programming language, C, to make it portable. : 7 Events leading to creation Ken Thompson (left) and Dennis Ritchie (right), creators of the Unix operating systemĪfter AT&T had dropped out of the Multics project, the Unix operating system was conceived and implemented by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie (both of AT&T Bell Laboratories) in 1969 and first released in 1970.

Since the initial release of its source code in 1991, it has grown from a small number of C files under a license prohibiting commercial distribution to the 4.15 version in 2018 with more than 23.3 million lines of source code, not counting comments, under the GNU General Public License v2 with a syscall exception meaning anything that uses the kernel via system calls are not subject to the GNU GPL. The resulting Linux kernel has been marked by constant growth throughout its history. Linux began in 1991 as a personal project by Finnish student Linus Torvalds to create a new free operating system kernel. Not to be confused with Linux kernel version history.

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